PMC

Postoperative endoscopic finding and upper gastrointestinal series after SPADE operation. (A) Endoscopic finding showing artificial His angle and pseudo-fornix. (B) Upper gastrointestinal series after SPADE method.

(A) Termination of the burst of atrial stimulation triggers AF, characterized by rapid and chaotic atrial rhythm and irregular ventricular response, in Langendorff-perfused hearts undergoing TAC operation (lower panels), but not sham operation (upper panels). LA-MAP, monophasic action potential of left atrium; LV-MAP, monophasic action potential of LV. (B) AF was triggered in mice undergoing TAC (n = 5) or sham (n = 5) operation by applying 3 series of bursts with 5-minute intervals. The duration of AF episode occurring after each burst is plotted. (C) Incidence of AF episodes during 3 series of bursts in mice undergoing TAC (n = 5) or sham (n = 5) operation. (D) Mean duration of AF episodes during 3 series of bursts in mice undergoing TAC (n = 5) or sham (n = 5) operation. **P < 0.01 versus sham. Data are presented as mean ± SEM.

Units’ connection (a) in batch mode, (b) continuous operation in series connection and (c) continuous operation in parallel connection.

Longitudinal studies of EMT-CTCs in cohorts (A) and (B). A CTCs monitoring in the stable cases in cohort A. Case A1: 8 CTCs (prior to operation) to 3 CTCs(one month after operation). Case A2: 17 CTCs(prior to operation) to 3 CTCs(one month after operation). Case A6: 5 CTCs (prior to operation), 7 CTCs (four month after operation) to 5 CTCs(one year after operation). Case A10: 14 CTCs (prior to operation) to 6 CTCs(one moth after operation). Case A13: 2 CTCs (prior to operation) to 3 CTCs (one year after operation). Case A14: 10 CTCs(prior to operation) to 3 CTCs (one year after operation). Case A15: 5 CTCs(prior to operation) to 3 CTCs (one year after operation). Case A16: 0 CTC(prior to operation) to 0 CTC (one year after operation). Case A18: 18 CTCs(prior to operation) to 8 CTCs (one year after operation). Case A5: 1 CTCs(prior to operation) to 10 CTCs (one year after operation). Case A11: 2 CTCs(prior to operation) to 10 CTCs (eight months after operation). Case A12 5 CTCs(prior to operation) to 10 CTCs (one year after operation). (B) In case A3, CTCs remarkably increased in six months after operation compared with the preoperative CTCs, and chest CT and biopsy proved the local recurrence (arrow). In case A8, CTCs decreased in six months after the operation, however, increased gradually in eight months, ten months and one year after the operation, and chest CT and biopsy finally proved the local recurrence(arrow). (C) In case B1, CTCs count significantly increased from 0 (three months after operation) to 6 (six months after operation). Docetaxel & cisplatin were given to the patient, and CTCs count gradually decreased to 2 (after two cycles of chemotherapy) and 1 (after four cycles of chemotherapy). However, CTCs count increased to 16 and bone metastasis was proved, six months after finished chemotherapy. Therefore, two cycles of Pemetrexed & cisplatin plus Pamidronate Disodium were given to the patient, and CTCs count decreased to 8. (D) In cases B2-B5 with tumor progression, CTCs count significantly increased after operation. CTCs count and testing time (months after operation) of each case is present as follows. Case B2: 2 CTCs (eight months), 23 CTCs (thirteen months) to 21 CTCs (eighteen months). Case B3: 0 CTC (two months) to 6 CTCs (seven months). Case B4: 0 CTC (six months), 2 CTCs (one year) to 4 CTCs (sixteen months. Case B5: 8 CTCs (48 months) to 11 CTCs (51 months) In cases B6-B19 with disease free survival, CTCs count significantly decreased in cases B10-B12, slightly increased in cases B8, B9, B13, B15, B17, B18 and B19, or remained stable in cases B6, B7, B14, and B16. CTCs count and testing time (months after operation) of each case is present as follows. Case B6: 2 (18 months) to 2 (22 months). Case B7: 0 (four months) to 0 (nine months). Case B8: 1(13 months) to 2 (21 months). Case B9: 0 (one month) to 2 (three months). Case B10: 6 (20 months) to 1 (24 months). Case B11: 3 (one month) to 1 (four months). Case B12: 4 (two months), 2 (five months), 1(eight months), 2(12 months), to 0 (18 months). Case B13: 2 (24 months) to 3 (36 months). Case B14: 5 (six months) to 5 (nine months). Case B15: 0 (one month) to 2 (six months). Case B16: 5(seven months) to 4 (22 months). Case B17: 1 (one month) to 2 (13 months). Case B18: 5 (13 months) to 6 (16 months). Case B19: 0 (19 months), 3 (26 months) to 3 (35 months).